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Positive$2.5 TNegative$67.1 BAlphabet,Inc. Free Internet Search Free Internet Search Free Email Free Email Free Maps Free Maps Economic Value Economic Value Free Video Free Video Medical Services Medical Services Free Social Media Free Social Media Water Water Education Education Redistribution Redistribution Healthcare R&D Healthcare R&D Medical Devices Medical Devices Crop Production Crop Production Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals Sanitation Sanitation Hygenic Products Hygenic Products Free Music Free Music Shelter Shelter Free Messaging Free Messaging Data Harvesting Data Harvesting Internet Addiction Internet Addiction Workplace Injuries Workplace Injuries Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases Taxation Taxation Air Pollution Air Pollution Biofuel Production Biofuel Production Food Waste Food Waste Wage Theft Wage Theft Tobacco Tobacco Travel Injuries Travel Injuries Food Loss Food Loss Discrimination Discrimination Calorie Conversion Calorie Conversion War War Food Addiction Food Addiction Opioid Abuse Opioid Abuse Noise Pollution Noise Pollution Uyghur Slave Labor Uyghur Slave Labor Disordered Gambling Disordered Gambling Private Prisons Private Prisons Alcohol Alcohol Breastmilk Substitutes Breastmilk Substitutes Plastic Pollution Plastic Pollution Civilian Firearms Civilian Firearms Adult Entertainment Adult Entertainment Fermentation Fermentation Nuclear Power Nuclear Power For Profit Healthcare For Profit Healthcare Non-Plastic Water Pollution Non-Plastic Water Pollution Child Labor: Mining in DRC Child Labor: Mining in DRC Payday Lending Payday Lending Positive ($2.5 T)Negative (-$67.1 B) Free Internet Search ($1.6 T) Free Email ($607.4 B) Free Maps ($142.2 B) Economic Value ($66.3 B) Free Video ($16.1 B) Medical Services ($9.3 B) Free Social Media ($4.8 B) Water ($2.7 B) Education ($1.9 B) Redistribution ($1.7 B) Healthcare R&D ($1.7 B) Medical Devices ($1.3 B) Crop Production ($918.9 M) Pharmaceuticals ($624.5 M) Sanitation ($436.0 M) Hygenic Products ($215.9 M) Free Music ($121.9 M) Shelter ($74.2 M) Free Messaging ($34.9 M)Data Harvesting (-$50.7 BInternet Addiction (-$4.7 BWorkplace Injuries (-$2.6 BGreenhouse Gases (-$2.0 BTaxation (-$1.6 BAir Pollution (-$1.4 BBiofuel Production (-$1.4 BFood Waste (-$759.5 MWage Theft (-$381.8 MTobacco (-$292.4 MTravel Injuries (-$271.3 MFood Loss (-$178.1 MDiscrimination (-$157.6 MCalorie Conversion (-$119.0 MWar (-$81.4 MFood Addiction (-$81.2 MOpioid Abuse (-$60.6 MNoise Pollution (-$39.6 MUyghur Slave Labor (-$38.9 MDisordered Gambling (-$38.2 MPrivate Prisons (-$36.1 MAlcohol (-$26.0 MBreastmilk Substitutes (-$25.0 MPlastic Pollution (-$17.9 MCivilian Firearms (-$7.7 MAdult Entertainment (-$4.5 MFermentation (-$2.4 MNuclear Power (-$2.1 MFor Profit Healthcare (-$1.9 MNon-Plastic Water Pollution (-$1.1 MChild Labor: Mining in DRC (-$606.2 KPayday Lending (-$266.5 K Free Internet Search ($1.6 T) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Free Email ($607.4 B) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Free Maps ($142.2 B) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Economic Value ($66.3 B) Companies produce economic value by offering to consumers goods and services that they value, paying employees for their labor in producing these goods and services, and providing value for shareholders. Free Video ($16.1 B) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Medical Services ($9.3 B) Companies involved in the production and distribution of medical devices and pharmaceuticals and the delivery of medical services contribute to the beneficial impact of healthcare on life expectancy and quality of life. Free Social Media ($4.8 B) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Water ($2.7 B) Water is necessary for human life. Unsafe drinking water results in many avoidable deaths around the world due to diseases like dysentery and cholera. Companies involved in supplying safe drinking water to people help prevent diseases and support life. Education ($1.9 B) Redistribution ($1.7 B) Healthcare R&D ($1.7 B) Pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) by drug companies has greatly contributed to advancing the effectiveness of healthcare, specifically therapeutics. This has resulted in a large increase in life expectancy and quality of life. Medical Devices ($1.3 B) Companies involved in the production and distribution of medical devices and pharmaceuticals and the delivery of medical services contribute to the beneficial impact of healthcare on life expectancy and quality of life. Crop Production ($918.9 M) Food is necessary for human life, and most food is grown. Food in the form of meat or dairy also requires supplemental feed that is grown. Companies involved in the production, harvesting, storage, transportation, or sale of food or any other activity that brings food to consumers are attributed a large amount of Humankind Value for supporting human life. Pharmaceuticals ($624.5 M) Companies involved in the production and distribution of medical devices and pharmaceuticals and the delivery of medical services contribute to the beneficial impact of healthcare on life expectancy and quality of life. Sanitation ($436.0 M) Access to sanitation facilities is considered to be a basic human right. The main goal of basic sanitation services is to safely reduce human exposure to pathogens, which may present a risk to humans who come in contact with them. Companies providing wastewater services to people help prevent diseases and support life. Hygenic Products ($215.9 M) Companies that offer hygiene products receive a positive Humankind Value in our research as these products extend life expectancies by reducing the burden of infectious disease. Companies that offer hygiene related products, such as soap, are attributed positive Humankind Value. Free Music ($121.9 M) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Shelter ($74.2 M) Shelter is a basic human need. Shelter provides security from the elements, enables the human need to rest, and brings other benefits. Companies involved in the construction, maintenance, and access to shelter are attributed positive Humankind Value. Free Messaging ($34.9 M) People have access to free or nearly free internet services. Our research finds that such necessary and/or enjoyable services provide a large amount of value to those who use them. Companies that provide these free internet services are attributed positive Humankind Value. Data Harvesting (-$50.7 B) Some companies collect data on users of their services and provide it to other entities for ends such as advertising. Our research finds negative impact from companies engaging in data harvesting due to a lack of understanding by the users of how valuable their data is and how it is used. Companies that collect data from users of their services are attributed negative Humankind Value. Internet Addiction (-$4.7 B) Internet addiction is a behavioral pattern where one loses the ability to control internet usage. Addiction can result in, among other things, harm to social and professional life, physical health, and mental health. Workplace Injuries (-$2.6 B) The workplace can expose employees to dangers that can lead to fatal and non-fatal injuries and diseases. Companies are attributed negative Humankind Value based on workplace injuries and disease that occur in their sector of the economy and regions where employees work. Greenhouse Gases (-$2.0 B) It is the consensus opinion in the climate science community that greenhouse gas emissions are linked to climate change. Through the greenhouse effect, heat from the sun that normally returns to space becomes trapped in Earth's atmosphere. This induces climate change, which brings increased risk of disease, temperature mortality, infrastructure damage due to extreme weather events, and reduced water resources, among other negative effects on humanity. Taxation (-$1.6 B) Air Pollution (-$1.4 B) Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful air pollutants are generated by vehicles, manufacturing facilities, and other sources. Air pollution has a negative impact on humanity through increased pulmonary, cardiovascular, and other diseases which results in lower life expectancy and quality of life. Biofuel Production (-$1.4 B) Biofuel is a fuel derived from biomass, such as crops. Edible biomass sustains human life and, as a result, yields a high amount of Humankind Value. Some companies use inputs that could contribute to the food supply, like crops, for biofuel production. For these companies we deduct Humankind Value to offset some or all credit given for food production. Food Waste (-$759.5 M) The food production pipeline spans from the ground where crops are grown, to harvest, to transport to grocery stores and food services, and eventually to the consumer. Food waste occurs in later stages of the food production pipeline such as retail, food services, and by the consumer. Companies involved in food retail or food services are deducted Humankind Value for food waste. Wage Theft (-$381.8 M) Failure to pay wages or other remuneration employees are legally entitled to is wage theft. Wage theft can take several forms, including minimum wage violations and confiscating tips. Companies who engage in wage theft are attributed negative Humankind Value. Tobacco (-$292.4 M) The negative impact of addiction to nicotine from smoking and other tobacco products as well as the negative impact of secondhand smoke is well researched. Companies involved with the production, distribution, and/or sale of tobacco products are attributed negative Humankind Value. Travel Injuries (-$271.3 M) Motor vehicle injuries on the road are one of the leading causes of death and injury around the world. Companies involved with the production, distribution, and sale of motor vehicles are attributed negative Humankind Value. Food Loss (-$178.1 M) The food production pipeline spans from the ground where crops are grown, to harvest, to transport to grocery stores and food services, and eventually to the consumer. Food loss occurs during the early stages of the food production pipeline from harvesting until transport. Companies involved in the harvest, storage, transport, or other early stages of the food production pipeline are deducted Humankind Value for food loss. Discrimination (-$157.6 M) Discrimination in the workplace is harassment or other negative actions based on an immutable characteristic of an employee. Discrimination in the workplace can cause mental and physical harm to the victim and harm their career. In addition, perpetual workplace discrimination can result in decreased productivity, increased employee turnover, and other consequences that negatively impact the economy. Companies who engage in or tolerate workplace discrimination are attributed negative Humankind Value. Calorie Conversion (-$119.0 M) Crops harvested for food provide the calories necessary for human life. While companies involved in growing and producing food yield a large amount of Humankind value, if crops are diverted for the production of secondary food items, like meat or dairy, calories are lost. A negative Humankind Value adjustment reflects this conversion of calories. War (-$81.4 M) Military interventions or internal conflicts result in deaths, displaced people, and lost income and livelihoods through production losses and destroyed infrastructure. Companies involved in the production and sale of weapons of war are attributed negative Humankind Value. Food Addiction (-$81.2 M) Food addiction is a behavioral pattern where one loses the ability to control what and how much they eat. This can lead to obesity, which lowers life expectancy and quality of life. Companies involved with production, distribution, and sale of highly addictive food are attributed negative Humankind Value. Opioid Abuse (-$60.6 M) Opioid drugs produced by certain pharmaceutical companies can cause addiction, which has led to numerous deaths worldwide due to overdoses. Companies involved in the production and/or sale of addictive opioid drugs are attributed negative Humankind Value. Noise Pollution (-$39.6 M) Exposure to elevated noise levels can have negative mental and physical health effects such as anxiety, loss of sleep, and hypertension. It has also been shown that exposure to noise pollution can accelerate cognitive decline. Companies shown to produce noise pollution are attributed negative Humankind Value. Uyghur Slave Labor (-$38.9 M) Over one million Chinese citizens from the Turkic Muslim ethnic populations in Xinjiang have been deported from their homes to forced labor re-education camps run by the Chinese government. This results in obvious physical and mental harm to the victims of slavery but also the families of the victims. Companies whose supply chains are linked to these forced labor camps are attributed negative Humankind Value. Disordered Gambling (-$38.2 M) Gambling addiction is a behavioral pattern where one loses the ability to control the urge to gamble. Addiction can result in harm to one’s social and professional life and physical and mental health. Gambling addiction has the additional impact of causing financial ruin to the addicted. Private Prisons (-$36.1 M) Alcohol (-$26.0 M) The negative impact of addiction to alcohol is well researched. In addition to physical effects on the addicted person, inebriation due to alcohol consumption can increase the propensity to engage in potentially harmful or deadly behavior like drunk driving. Companies involved with the production, distribution, and/or sale of alcoholic beverages are attributed negative Humankind Value. Breastmilk Substitutes (-$25.0 M) While breastmilk substitutes are sometimes necessary, their usage has resulted in many childhood deaths due to increased transmission of early childhood infections through prepared formula. Our research has also shown positive impact for mothers that breastfeed in reduced incidence of certain cancers and diabetes. Companies involved in the production and sale of breastmilk substitutes are attributed negative Humankind Value. Plastic Pollution (-$17.9 M) Plastic pollution has a negative impact on the environment affecting, among other things, marine life and animal and human health. Companies involved in the production, distribution, sale, and use of plastics are attributed negative Humankind Value. Civilian Firearms (-$7.7 M) Civilian possession of firearms has led to injuries and deaths, both accidental and otherwise. Companies involved in the production, distribution, or sale of firearms or ammunition are attributed negative Humankind Value. Adult Entertainment (-$4.5 M) Addiction to adult entertainment can result in harm to one’s social and professional life and physical and mental health. Specifically, it can rewire one’s brain such that it becomes very difficult to form intimate relationships, a basic human need. Fermentation (-$2.4 M) Nuclear Power (-$2.1 M) Nuclear power, while producing a negligible amount of greenhouse gases, can result in radiation pollution due to the mining of uranium, disposal of depleted uranium, and from other steps in the nuclear fuel cycle. There is also the risk of a nuclear meltdown at a nuclear power plant which has catastrophic consequences for people and the environment. For Profit Healthcare (-$1.9 M) Our research finds that for-profit healthcare providers deliver a lower quality of healthcare, resulting in an increased risk of death for patients. Companies involved in for-profit healthcare are attributed negative Humankind Value. Non-Plastic Water Pollution (-$1.1 M) Water pollution from fertilizer use in agriculture leads to the development and growth of hypoxic zones in large water masses, leading to the destruction of marine life. Companies involved in the production, distribution, sale, or use of fertilizer in agriculture are attributed negative Humankind Value. Child Labor: Mining in DRC (-$606.2 K) Payday Lending (-$266.5 K)